Air cooled refrigerator



Dec. 15, 1931. A LENMNG AIR COOLED REFRIGERATOR Filed Nov. 15, 1927 4Sheets-Sheet Dec 15, 1931. A. LENNING AIR COQLED REFRIGERATOR Filed NOV.15 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN TOR my ATTORNEY 15, 1931. A. LENNING AIRCOOLED REFRIGERATOR 4 Sheets-Sheet Filed NOV. 15, 1927 Dec. 15, 1931. A,LENNING AIR COOLED REFR IGERATOH 4 Sheets-Sheet Filed NOV. 15, 1927 n mvTOR "69 ill A Tw i atented Dec. 15, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT, OFFICEALV'AR LENNIN G, OF NEW YORK, N'. Y., ASSIGNOR TO ELECTROLUX SERV'ELCORPORA- TION, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A. CORPORATION OF DELAWARE am coonnnREFRIGERATOR I Application filed November 15, 1927. Serial No. 233,366.

The object of my invention is to provide a refrigerating apparatus ofthe absorption type which will operate efficiently ,while cooled by air.More particularly Iaim to provide an air cooled absorption refrigeratingapparatus of the continuous type. As a still further object of theinvention I aim to provide a novel, neat and efficient combination ofrefrigerating apparatus with a refrigerator m cabinet.

Amongst the features of my invention are: a flue for cooling theabsorber and condenser of an absorption machine arranged alongside thefood space of a cabinet, the absorber be- 5 ing placed in a relativelylow position and the condenser near the top of the flue; a gridsurrounding the absorber for adequately cooling the absorber by air,which grid in effect is a part of the flue for causing air circulation;a condenser for an air cooled apparatus which is capable of offeringdifferent amounts of cooling surfaces for the refrigerant for differentloads; a novel arrange ment for and method of precooling refrigerantbefore entering the evaporator; and a combined unit of high operatingefficiency while eliminating cooling by liquid such as water: whichfeatures will hereinafter be more fully described.

Preferably my novel refrigerating apparatus is of the constant pressurecontinuous type wherein an auxiliary agent, in the presence of which thecooling agent (refrigerant) evaporates, circulates in a continuous cyclethrough the absorber and evaporator. In such cycle I provide furthernovel features as will be presently described. My invention isillustrated by means of the accompanying drawings of which:

Fig. 1 is the lower half of a side view of the refrigerator built inaccordance with my present invention, a portion of the casing being incross-section to show parts of the refrigerating apparatus and parts ofthe refrigerating apparatus being shown in cross-section.

Fig. 2 is a top view of the nature of Fig. 1; Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 make upa complete side view partly in cross-section by joining the 0 figures onthe dash-and-dot lines;

I net as a whole.

Fig. 3 is .a cross-section taken on the line Fig. 4 is a cross-sectiontaken on the line 44 of Fig. 2; Figs. 3 and 4 when joined on thedash-and-dot lines make up a crosssectional view of the combinedrefrigerator cabinet and refrigerating apparatus.

On the drawings, reference character 10 designates generally therefrigerator cabi- A section of the cabinet is insulated by insulatingmaterial 11 to form food space 12. Below the food space is a compartment13. To one side of the food space is a flue 14. Flue 14 extends from thebottom of the cabinet to the top and is open at the top.

The refrigerating apparatus comprises a generator 15, a liquid heatexchanger 16, an off-take duct for products of combustion 17, a gas heatexchanger 18, a condenser 19, an absorber 20, and an evaporator 21,these parts being suitably interconnected by conduits to form variouscycles for flow of fluid.

The generator housing 22 which is filled with insulating material. Itcomprises a main shell 23 through which extends the heating tube 24. Apartition 25 divides the generator proper into a strong liquid chamber26 and a weak liquid chamber 27. A gas burner 28 projects into conduit24 for heating the generator. The generator contains the cooling agentor refrigerant in solution. I prefer ammonia as the cooling agentdissolved in water as the absorption liquid. A riser pipe 29 isconnected to strong liquid chamber 26, passes through a partition 30 anddischarges into a stand pipe 31. The partition 30 separates stand pipe31 from strong liquid chamber 26. Stand pipe 31 is connected at thebottom with weak liquid chamber 27 by means of conduit 32 containingdiscs 33- with apertures 34 in the same.

Liquid heat exchanger 16 includes an outer conduit 35 and an innerconduit 36. The outer conduit is connected at one end to weak liquidchamber 27 and at the other end to the upper part of the absorber bymeans of conduits 37 and 38 respectively. The inner conduit 36 isconnected to the lower part of 15 is contained within a roundingairpassing upwardly the absorber by means of conduit 39 and to thestrong liquid chamber 26 by means of conduit 40.

Circulation of absorption liquid takes place between the generator andabsorber as follows: Strong absorption liquid enriched in cooling agentpasses .out of the absorber through conduit 39, passes through conduit36 and enters the strong liquid chamber 26 through conduit 40. Fromchamber 26 the liquid .is lifted due to thermo-siphon action throughriser pipe 29. The liquid in riser pipe 29 is partially vaporized by theheat supplied by the gas burner or other-source of heat used and vaporand liquid passes through the riser pipe into stand pipe 31. I provide athernio-siphon hole 41 in order to aid the percolating action. Liquid instand pipe 31 passes downwardly therein and through conduit 32 into weakliquid chamber 27 where it is still further deprived of gaseous coolingagent which passes in counter-current to the liquid back through conduit32 and throughthe liquid in the stand' pipe and out at the top of thestand pipe through conduit 42. Discs 34 produce an analyzing action.Weak liquid leaves chamber 27 through conduit 37, passes through conduit35, the outer conduit of heat exchange er 16, and through conduit 38 todischarge into upper part of the absorber.

Vapor passes through conduit 42 which is connected to the top of standpipe 31 and upwardly to a hollow member 43 which, in the embodimentshown, consists of a cylindrical tube arranged near the top of flue 14and inclined slightly from the horizontal so that liquid in the same mayflow downwardly back toward conduit 42. Hollow member 43 'constitutes apart of the condenser. Within hollow member 43 a partition 44 dividesthe same into a primary chamber 45 (so called because it is the firstchamber of a series of condenser chambers) and rectifier chamber 46. Thehollow member 43 is surrounded by a series of fins 47 which give a largesurface for the cooling of the hollow member by surthrough flue 14. Thefins are arranged substantially vertically. Within chamber 45 is aseries of bafiling members 48 which have holes in the same for passageof gas and which may be cut away at the bottom to form a channel. for

flow of liquid along the bottom of hollow member 43 toward conduit 42.Holes may be used in baflies 48 without cuts in the edges to form achannel, in which case liquid will accumulate to the heights of thelowermost holes. This will not vary the function Primary chamber 45 is arectifying chamber. Here absorption liquid entrained with the vapor ofthe cooling agent is condensed due to the cooling action of thesurrounding air and flows backwardly toward the generator. Vapor of thecooling agent passes through an opening in aperture 44 in which isfitted one end of a conduit 49 which passes within chamber 46 and incontact with the bottom thereof. Conduit 49 contains discs 50 which alsohave apertures in them. Conduit 50 is smaller than hollow member 43 andleaves a vapor space surrounding the same within chamber 46. The higherend is open at 51 and vapor of the cooling agent passes into chamber 46around the conduit 49. The

space or chamber around conduit 49 is indicated by reference character52. Vapor condenses in chamber 52 due to the cooling action of thesurrounding air and heat transmission by means of fins 47 and thecondensed cooling agent flows along the bottom of chamber 52 in contactwith the outside of conduit 49. This liquid cools the gaseous fluidwithin conduit 49 and precipitates out further absorption liquid whichflows backwardly toward the generator. Some of the cooling agent isevaporated due to the heating effect of conduit 49 but it againcondenses in the space 52. Liquid after rectification leaves chamber 52through duct 53 and enters an intermediate space in a second hollowmember 54 which also is surrounded by fins 47 and which also is, in theembodiment shown, formed as a hollow cylinder. and inclined slightlyfrom the horizontal. There are two sets of discs in hollow member 54:one, at the left as shown, lettered 55, which forms a precooling chamber56 at the left hand end, as shown, of the hollow member 54; and, asecond set of discs 57 which form an extension chamber between theremote discs 57 and at the right hand end of which, as shown, is a ventchamber 58. Discs and 57 are similar to discs 48 and have apertures inthe same. The inclination of member 54 is downwardly from the ventchamber to the precooling chamber.

Liquid cooling agent passes downwardly through duct 53 and some vaporpasses with it. There is further condensation in hollow member 54. Ifthe load'is great or the temperature of the air is above normal, aportionof the refrigerant is not condensed 1n chamber 52 and the lefthand portion of chamber 54, which causes a slight increase in pressureenabling the uncondensed refrigerant to displace an inert gas fromextension chamber 59 through-conduit 60, whereupon condensation takesplace within the extension chamber between discs 57. The extensionchamber is indicated by reference character 59. The greater the amountof vapor passing through duct 53, the greater is the portion of chamber59 which is used for condensation. Upon a decerase in load or reductionin air temperature, there occurs a slight reduction of pressure in thecondenser, due to the excess cooling thereof, which results in inert gasbeing drawn into chamber 59, thus reducing, more or less, the

surface available for condensing refrigerant. It is thus seen that thereis provided a condenser of variable capacity for diiferent loads anddifferent air temperatures. The particular condenser shown is intendedfor operation with a system having inert gas in the presence of whichthe cooling agent evaporates. Some of this inert gas is entrained withabsorption liquid, is driven out in the generator and passes to thecondenser. This inert gas passes downwardly through duct 53 and some ofit passes into chamber 56, the remainder passing into chamber 59 fromwhich it normally passes through conduit and from which it may bedisplaced as above described. Assuming that this inert gas is hydrogenand that the cooling agent is ammonia, hydrogen being in the presence ofammonia in chamber 56 reduces the partial pressure of the ammonia. Thereis thus an atmosphere, the temperature of which may be reduced stillfurther without condensation of ammonia taking place. If the temperatureis reduced suificiently to cause condensation under these conditions,the partial pressure of the ammonia will be further reduced and,consequently, that of the hy drogen increased until an equilibrium isestablished and further condensation will not occur. This-atmosphereacts as a sort of cushion through which the liquid cooling agent mustflow. Since there is a cooling of this chamber. the liquid cooling agentis cooledto a temperature which, at the total pressure obtaining inchamber 46, is in the liquid region of the Mollier diagram. Thus thereis precooling of the cooling agent before it enters the evaporator.Hydrogen gas works past discs 57 and into vent chamber 58 and thencepasses through vent pipe 60 to be conveyed into evaporator-absorbercycle. It will be seen that the hollow members 43 and 54 are superposedone above the other in the flue 14, the arrangement being such that thedraft passes first past the colder member 54 and then the hotter member43.

Liquid leaving the precooling chamber 56 passes through conduit 61 andinto conduit 62, whence it flows into the evaporator shell 21.

In the apparatus as built for use, a casting of aluminum or other heattransmitting material with large surface would be placed aroundevaporator 21, such casting containing suitable pockets for ice trays.

The auxiliary agent, preferably hydrogen. is introduced into conduit 62from conduit 63. In the evaporator the ammonia diffused into thehydrogen passes fromliquid to gaseous form as a result of which heat istaken up from the surrounding objective of refrigeration which, in theinstant case, is the food space of the cabinet. The evaporator containsa series of discs 64 for distributing liquid and for obtaining a largesurface of gas and liquid contact. The gas mixture formed 1n theevaporator passes out through conduit 65 at the bottom of the evaporatorand then passes through conduit 66. Conduit 63 forms one space andconduit66 a co-operating space of heat exchanger 18. These two conduitsare arranged in solder contact one alongside the other and are arrangedin zig-zag formation within a casing or compartment 67 which is filledwith insulating material. It will be noted that a high, long heatexchanger is produced by this arrangement which contains only singlepassages for each fluid, which is simple in manufacture and which hasexcellent heat transfer. Conduit 66 is carried in an upwardly extendedloop from conduit 65 in order to obtain an extended heat exchangesurface. Conduit 66 is connected to the bottom part of the absorber andconduit 63 is connected to the upper part of the absorber. Conduit 38 isconnected to conduit 63 and vent pipe 60 is connected to the lower partof conduit 66.

By placing absorber 20 within chamber 13 below the food space thegreatest portion of the upper part of the cabinet is used for food spacewhich is a convenience to the user. Furthermore, this arrangement givesan improved cooling effect with air. Refer-ring to Figure 3, the righthand wall of the outside of the insulation extends vertically. The fine14 is to the right of this. A series of plates 67, 68, 69 and 70(Fig. 1) are in line with this right hand wall. Of these plates, thoselettered 68 and 70 are fastened to angle-irons 71 and 72 which extendupwardly along the wall referred to and to which the casing 67 issecured. A plate 74 extends horizontally at the top of casing 22. Aplate may be placed on the top of casing 22 or the insulating materialwithin the same may give a surface at the top of this casing. Thisprovides a horizontal fioor for flue 14. Plate 70 is bent horizontallyas shown in Fig. 3 to form the top of a compartment containing the heatexchanger 16 which is also filled with heat insulating'material. Theabsorber is in part supported on this plate by means of the member 73. Asimilar memher at the top of the absorber serves as a second support.

Between plates 68 and 70 and between plates 67 and 69 (these plates arein the same plane or substantially the same plane as above described)there is a rectangular opening. Through this opening as viewed in Fig. 1can be seen a grid arrangement of parallel plates 77. These plates areplaced horizontally and surround-absorber '20. They may be shrunk ontothe absorber or otherwise firmly contacted with the absorber to givegood heat transfer. This grid surrounding the absorber may be said to beset into or against the lower opening of flue 14. All the air enteringflue 14 must pass between u cabinet having an insulated food space, a.

makes up a box. extension the plate members 77 of the grid. The plates77 are bent at each side as indicated at 78 to form walls extendingvertically along each side of the grid. The grid in effect to the flue14 divided into a series of parallel passages into which the absorber isset. The air may enter chamber 13 either through the bottom opening 79or through louvers arranged in plate 80. The absorber 20 contains aseries of discs 81 which distribute liquid within the absorber and actto transmit heat. These discs are tightly arranged against the innersurface of the absorber shell opposite the grid plates 77 l The airenters the open end of the boxlike grid indicated by reference character82 in Fig. 3, flows through the parallel a'ssages between the gridplates and into fl e 14 and upwardly through flue 14. The circulation ofthe air through the flue is caused by the heat supplied by the absorberand by the condenser. The air in flue 14 will become very much hotterthan air outside the refrigerator and there will be set up a continuousflow of air past the absorber upwardly through flue 14 and past thecondenser. The conduit 17 for products of combustion also passesupwardly through flue 14. In this conduit at the bottom is a draft hole84.

The arrangement is such that the refrigerating apparatus may be made asa unit independently of the cabinet and may be inserted into the cabinetfrom the side. For assembly, section 86 of the side wall is madeseparately, built onto the apparatus and set into an opening in the sidewall made for the same when the apparatus unit is fitted to the cabinet.The cabinet is provided with suitable-shelves 87 and defrosting pan 88.

A conduit 89 conducts any unevaporated.

liquid which passes to the lower part of the evaporator into heatexchanger conduit 66 which is the heavy gas line. The circulation ofhydrogen between evaporator and absorber is effected continuously due tothe difierence in specific weight of the mixture of gases in theevaporator and in conduit 66 against the lighter gas in the absorber andin conduit 63.

The whole apparatus is made of metal.

It will be evident that the flue can be on' the back of the cabinetinstead of the side and the apparatus built to befitted in from the backwithout altering the structural make-up.

While I not limited to the form shown but that many variations may bemade within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. An'air cooled refrigerator comprising a have described one form of myinvention, it will be understood that I am flue adapted for flow of airextending vertically alongside said food space, said flue having a'lowerinlet below the food space and an upper outlet, a grid arranged at theinlet to the flue comprising a series of parallel members forming a.plurality of parallel passages and an absorber set into said grid.

2. An air cooled refrigerator comprising a cabinet having an insulatedfood space, a flue adapted for flow of air extending verticallyalongside said food space, said flue having a lower inlet below the foodspace and an upper outlet, a grid arranged at the inlet to the fluecomprising a series of parallel members forming a plurality of parallelpassages, an absorber set into said grid and a condenser in the upperpart of said flue.

3. An air cooled refrigerator comprising a cabinet having an insulatedfood space, a flue extending vertically alongside said food space, saidflue having a lower inlet below the food space and an upper outlet, agrid arranged at the inlet to the flue comprising a series of parallelmembers forming a plurality of parallel passages, an absorber set intosaid grid, a condenser inthe upper part of the flue, a generator and anoif-take duct for said generator, said oif-take duct passing within saidflue.

4. An air cooled refrigerator comprising a cabinet having an insulatedfood space, a flue adapted for flow of air extending verticallvalongside said food space, a cylindrical absorber arranged vertically onits axis below said food space, a series of horizontal platessurrounding said absorber, and means for preventing access of air tosaid flue except past said horizontal plates.

5. An air cooled refrigerator comprising a cabinet having an insulatedfood space, an evaporator in said food space, a condenser outside saidfood space above said evaporator, an absorber below said food space anda flue for conducting air past said absorber and upwardly past saidcondenser.

6. An air cooled refrigerator comprising a cabinet having an insulatedfood space, an evaporator in said food space, a condenser outside saidfood space above said evaporator, an absorber below said food space anda flue for conducting air horizontally past said absorber and upwardlypast said condenser.

7. A condenser, an evaporator, said condenser having a direct pathtoward said evaporator. a channel projecting from said path and inclineddownwardly toward the path, a series of apertured baflling members insaid channel nel. I

8. Refrigerating apparatus comprising a generator, a condenser, anevaporator, an absorber, the aforesaid parts being interconnected toform a system for circulation of a coohng agent, an absorption liquidand an and means to cool said chan-.

auxiliary agent in the presence of which'the to the other side of saidbafllin members and cooling agent .evaporates, said condenser commeansto cool the hollow mem er. 1 prising a hollow member slightly inclined13. Refrigerating apparatus comprising a from the horizontal, apartition dividing said generator, an evaporator, a condenserinterhollow member into a primary chamber and posed between theevaporator and generator, a rectifier chamber, a series of baflles insaid said condenser comprising a substantially primary chamber, aconduit connecting said horizontal, slightly inclined hollow member,

rimary chamber with said rectifier chama series of baifling members insaid hollow er passing within the rectifier chamber, a member, a pipeconnected to said hollow series of baflies in said conduit, said conduitmember to one side of said bafiling members being arranged to drain intosaid primary at a relatively high point thereof, means to chamber, asecond hollow member slightly supply condensed refrigerant derived frominclined from the horizontal, aduct connectsaid generator to said hollowmember to the ing a low point of said rectifier chamber with othersideof said baffling members, a series an intermediate point of thesecondhollo-w of fins surrounding said hollow member'and member, bafliesin said second hollow memin contact with the atmosphere to cool the herforming a condenser extension chamber, same and means to withdraw liquidfrom a a vent chamber and a precooling chamber, a lower portion of saidhollow member.

conduit adapted to conduct liquid from the 14. A refrigerating systemincluding a precoolin chamber and a vent pipe connectgenerator, anabsorber, an evaporator and a ed to sai vent chamber. cooling andliquefying element comprising a 9. Refrigerating apparatus comprislng aplura 'ty of superposed air-cooled hollow generator, a condenser, anevaporator, an members, the lower hollow meinberhaving a absorber, theaforesaid parts beinginterconplurality of groups of bafliing memberswithnected to form a system for circulation of a in the same forming aspace between the cooling agent, an absorption liquid and an groups, aduct connecting a higher hollow auxiliary agent in the presence of whichthe member with said space, means to withdraw cooling agent evaporates,said condenser comliquid from one end of said lower hollow prising ahollow member, a partition dividmember and means to withdraw gas fromthe ing said hollow "member into a primary other end. chamber and arectifier chamber, a series of 15. Refrigerating apparatus comprising abaflles in said primary, chamber, a conduit generator, an evaporator, anair-cooled conconnecting said primary chamber with said denserinterposed between said generator and rectifier chamber passing withinthe rectievaporator and comprising a series of chamfier chamber, aseries of battles in said conbars, the chambers being combined to form 9duit, said conduit being arranged to drain two groups, the group nearestthe generator into said primary chamber, a second hollow in matter ofconnection being located'above member, a duct connecting a low point ofthe group connected nearestthe evaporatorin said rectifier chamber withan intermediate matter of connection, and means to pass a point of thesecond hollow member, bafilcs in current of air upwardly past the twogroups. said second hollow member forming a con- 16. Refrigeratingapparatus comprising denser extension chamber, a vent chamber anevaporator, an absorber, and means for and a precooling chamber, aconduit adapted circulating fluid between and through the to conductliquid from the precooling cham apo ator nd a sorber comprising twoexber and a vent pipe connected to said vent E Condults arranged 1nZlg-Zag j no chamben tlon and soldered together substantiallyRfrigerating apparatus as claimed in, throughout their lengths, saidconduits formclaim 9 with fins projectingoutwardly from mg a heatexchanger having a single P of condenser comprising a hollow member, aagent betwee the hollow members. flow for each of oppositely flowingfluids.

. That improvement in the art of re? 17. An air-cooled refrigeratorcomprising a cabinet having an insulated food space, an evaporator insaid food space, a condenser outside said food space above saidevaporator,

an absorber, a flue for conducting air past said absorber and past saidcondenser, a generator containing a cooling agent in solution inabsorption liquid and conduits con meeting the generator, condenser,evaporator and absorber to form a system, said system comprising meansfor circulating an auxiln the evaporator and abseries of battlingmembers 1n sa1d hollow i thepresence f which the cooling member, a ventpipe connected to said hollow agent evaporates. member to one side ofsaid bafliing members, 18. An air-cooled refrigerator comprisingfrigerating which consists in precooling the liquid to be evaporated bypassing it through a confined atmosphere of an inert gas mixed withvapor of the said liquid in heat exchange relation with a coolingsubstance before introducing the said liquid into heat exchange relationwith the objective of refrigeration.

12. Refrigerating apparatus comprising a generator, an evaporator, acondenser, said means to supply liquid to said hollow member a cabinethaving an insulated food space, an

evaporator in said food space, a condenser outside said food space abovesaid evaporator, an absorber below said food space, a flue forconducting air horizontally past said absorber and upwardl generatorbelow sai foodspace containing a cooling agent in solution in absorptionliquid and conduitsconnecting the generator, condenser, evaporator and Isages, an absorber set into said grid, a generator outside said foodspace containing a cooling-agent in solution in absorption liquid, anevaporator inside said food space, a condenser in said flue and conduitsconnecting the generator, condenser, evaporator and absorber to form asystem, said system comprising means for circulating an auxiliary agentbetween the evaporator and absorber in the presence of which the coolingagent evaporates.

20. That improvement in the art of refrigeration which consists inintroducing vaporous refrigerant into a chamber, cooling the chamber toliquefy the vaporous refrigerant and introducing an inert gas into saidchamber to decrease the rate of liquefaction of the vaporousrefrigerant.

21. That improvement in the'art of refrigeration which consists inintroducing vaporous refrigerant into a chamber containing an inert gas,cooling the chamber to liquefy the vaporous refrigerant and varying theamount of inert gas in the chamber to vary the rate of liquefaction ofthe vaporous refrigerant.

22. That improvement in the art of refrigeration which consists inintroducing vaporous refrigerant into a chamber having a givenheat-exchange surface, cooling said surface to liquefy vaporousrefrigerant in heat-exchange relation therewith and introducing an inertgas into said chamber to displace the vaporous refrigerant fromheatgxchange relation with a portion of said surace.

23. That improvement in the art of refrigeration which consists inintroducing vaporous refrigerant into a chamber containing an inert gasand having a given heatexchange surface, cooling said surface to liquefyvaporous refrigerant in heat-exchange relation therewith and varying thequantity of inert gas in said chamber to vary the -past said condenser,a

amount of said surface in heat-exchange relation with the vaporousrefrigerant.

24. A refrigerating system comprising a condenser, means for introducingvaporous refrigerant into said condenser, means, for cooling saidcondenser, an evaporator, said condenser having a direct path from thepoint of introduction of said vaporous refrigerant toward saidevaporator, a channel pro ecting from said path and inclined downwardlytoward the path, means for cooling said chan nel and means for supplyingan inert' gas to the upper end of said channel.

25. A refrigerating system comprising a condenser, means for introducingvaporous refrigerant into said condenser, means for cooling for saidcondenser, an evaporator, said condenser having a direct path from thepoint of introduction of said vaporous refrigerant toward saidevaporator, a channel projecting from said path and inclined downwardltoward the path, a series of baffles in said c annel, means for coolingsaid channel and means for supplying an inert gas to the upper end ofsaid channel. 1 1

26. A refrigerator comprising a cabinet, having walls forming aninsulated food compartment, a lower apparatus compartment and avertically extending air draft compartment, and a refrigeratingapparatus having a portion thereof in said lower compartment, a portionthereof in said air draft compartment and a portion thereof in said foodcompartment, the portion thereof in said lower compartment including aheat reject- 100 ing element, a grid on said heat rejecting elementforming a plurality of passageways for the flow of air in heat-exchangerelation with said element, said air draft compartment being open at thelower part thereof to receive air from said passageways and having anthereof whereby a;

opening in the uper part natural draft is obtained-due to heating 0 saidair by said element, said apparatus being a hermetically sealedstructure and be- 11 ing removable as a unit from said cabinet.

27. A refrigerator comprising a cabinet having walls forming aninsulated food compartment, a lower apparatuscompartment, a verticallyextending air draft'compartment 111 and an opening between said foodcompartment and said air draft compartment, and a refrigeratingapparatus having a portion thereof in said lower compartment, a portionthereof in said air draft compartment, a portion thereof in said foodcompartment and a conduit extending through said opening, a closuremember for closing said opening secured to said conduit, theportion ofsaid apparatus in said lower compartment including a heat rejectingelement, a grid on said heat rejecting element forming a plurality ofpas 'sageways for the flow of air in heat-exchange relation with saidelement, said air draft compartment being open at the lower partthererelation with said absorber,

of to receive air from said passagewayls and having an opening in theupper part t ereof whereby a natural draft is obtained due to heatingof-said air by said element, said apparatus being a hermetically sealedstructure and being removable with said closure memher as a unit fromsaid cabinet.

A refrigerator comprising a cablnet having Walls forming an insulatedfood compartmont, a lower apparatus compartment and a verticallyextending air draft compartment, and a refrigerating apparatus having anabsorber in said lower compartment, a con denser in said air draftcompartment and an evaporator in said food on said absorber forming aplurality of passa eways for the flow of air in heat-exchange, refitionwith said absorber, said passageways communicating with the lower partof said air draft compartment, said air draft compartment having anopening near the top thereof whereby a natural draft through saidpassageways and said air draft compartment is obtained due to heating ofsaid air by said absorber, said apparatus being a hermetically sealedstructure and being removable as a unit from said cabinet.

29. A refrigerator comprising a cabinet having walls forming aninsulated food compartment, a lower apparatus compartment, a verticallyextending air draft compartment and an opening between said foodcompartment and said air draft compartment, and a refrigeratingapparatus having an absorber in said lower compartment, a condenser insaid air draft compartment, an evaporator in said food compartment and aconduit con nected to said evaporator extending through a said opening,a closure member for closing said opening secured to said conduit, agrid on said absorber forming a plurality of passageways for the flow ofair in heat-exchange said passageways communicating with the lower partof said air draft compartment, said air draft compartment having anopening near the top thereof whereby a natural draft through saidpassageways and said air draft compartment is obtained due to heating ofsaid air by said absorber, said apparatus being a hermeticall sealedstructure and being removable with said closure member as a unit fromsaid cabinet.

30. A refrigerator comprising a cabinet formed with an insulated foodcompartment, :1 lower apparatus compartment and a vertically extendingair draft compartment, a refrigerating apparatus comprising anevaporator located in said food compartment and a heat rejecting memberin said lower compartment, and means forming a passageway for the flowof air in heat-exchange relation with said member, said air draftcompartment formed with an opening in the lower part thereof forreceiving said air and with an compartment, 9. grid opening in theupperpart thereof for-discharging sald air, said refrigerating appara-.

tus and said means forming a passageway being removable from saidcabinet as a unit.

31. A refrigerating apparatus comprising a generator, a condenser, anevaporator, an absorber, means to circulate a refrigerant through theaforesaid members, means to circulate an inert gas throughsaidapparatus, means to cool said condenser to liquefy refrigeranttherein and a chamber communicatin with said condenser and connected tosaid absorber, said apparatus being so constructed that it willautomatically operate to vary the quantity of inert gas in said chamberupon a change of pressure therein and thereby vary the capacity of saidcondenser.

32. A refrigerating apparatus comprising a generator, a condenser, anevaporator, an

absorber, means to circulate a refrigerant through the aforesaidmembers, means to circulate an inert gas through said apparatus, meansto cool said condenser to liquefy refrigerant therein and a chambercommunicating with said condenser and connected to said absorber, saidapparatus being so constructed that it will automatically operate tovary the quantity of inert gas in a change of temperature therein andthereby vary the capacity of said condenser.

33. A refrigerating apparatus comprising a generator, a condenser, anevaporator, an absorber, means to circulate a refrigerant through theaforesaid members, means to circulate an inert gas throughsaid'apparatus, means to cool said condenser to liquefy refrigeranttherein and a chamber communicating with said condenser and connected tosaid absorber, said apparatus being so con structed that it willautomatically operate to displace an inert gas from said chamber upon arise of pressure therein and thereby increase the capacity of saidcondenser.

84. A refrigerating apparatus comprising a generator, a condenser, anevaporator, an absorber, means to circulate a refrigerant through theaforesaid members, means to circulat'e an inert gas through saidapparatus, means to cool said condenser to liquefy refrigerant thereinand a chamber communieating with said condenser said absorber. saidapparatus being so constructed that it will displace an inert gas fromsaid chamber upon a rise of temperature therein and thereby in creasethe capacity of said condenser.

35. A refrigerating system comprising interconnected parts including agenerator, a condenser, an evaporator, and an absorber, and means tocirculate refrigerant through said condenser, structed that it willautomatically operate to displace an inert gas therefrom upon a rise ofpressure therein and thereby increase the capacity of said condenser.

said chamber upon and connected to automatically operate to saidcondenser being so. con- I :36.-A refrigerating system comprisinginterconnected parts including a generator, a condenser, an evaporator,and an'absorber, and means to circulate refrigerant through saidcondenser, said condenser being so .con-

structed that it will automatically operate to displace an inertgasjzherefrom upona r se of temperature therein and thereby increase.

and means'to c1rculate a refrigerant through said condenser, saidcondenser being so constructed that it'will automatically operate to 2'5vary the quantity of an inert gas therein upon said condenser, saidcondenser being so con condenser,

a change of temperature therein and thereby'.

vary the capacity of said condenser.

39. A refrigerating system comprising interconnected parts including agenerator, a an evaporator and an absorber, and means to "circulaterefrigerant through structed that it will automatically operate tointroduce an inert gas thereinto upon a decrease of pressure therein andthereby decrease the capacity of said condenser.

40. A refrigerating system comprising interconnected parts including agenerator, a

condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, and means to circulaterefrigerant through said condenser, said condenser being so constructedthat it will automatically operateto introduce an inert gas thereintoupon a decrease of temperature therein and-thereby decrease the capacityof said condenser.

41. A condenser, an evaporator, said condenser having a direct pathtoward said evapon ator, a channel projecting from said r pathandinclined downwardly toward the path and means to cool saidchannel,said condenser being so constructed that it will automaticallyoperate to vary the quantityof an inert gas in said channel upon achange of eva orator, a channel projecting from said pressure thereinand thereby vary the capacity of said condenser.

42. A- condenser, an evaporator, said condenser having a direct pathtoward said pat and inclined downwardly toward the path and means tocool said channel, said condenser being so constructed that it willautomatically operate to vary the quantity of an inert gas in saidchannel upon a change of temperature therein and thereby vary thecapacity of said condenser.

noaazza 43. A condenser, an evaporator,'said condenser having a directpath toward said evaprator, achannel projecting from said path andinclined downwardly toward the ath and means to cool said channel, saidcon enser being so constructed that it will automatically operate todisplace an inert gas from said channel upon a rise of pressure thereinand thereby increase the capacity of said condenser.

44. A condenser, an evaporator, said condenser having a direct pathtoward said evaporator, a channel projecting from said path and inclineddownwardly toward the path and means to cool said channel, saidcondenser being so constructed that it will automatically operate todisplace an inert gas from said channel upon a rise of temperaturethereinand thereby increase the capacity of said condenser.

45. A condenser, an evaporator, said condenser having a direct pathtoward said evaporator, a channel projecting from said'path and inclineddownwardly toward the path and means to cool said channel, saidcondenser be ng so constructed that it will automatically operate tovary the quantity of an inert gas in said channel upon a change ofpressure therein and thereby vary the effec- 'tive condensing surface ofsaid channel.

1 denser being so constructed that it will automatically operate to varythe quantity of an inert gas in said channel u on a change oftemperature therein and t ereby vary the effective condensing surface ofsaid channel.

47. A condenser, an evaporator, said condenser having a direct pathtoward said evaporator, a channel projecting from said path and inclineddownwardly toward the path and means to cool said channel, saidcondenser being so constructed that it will automatically operate todisplace an inert gas from said channel upon a rise of pressure thereinand thereby increase the effective condensing surface of said channel.

48. A condenser, an evaporator, said condenser having a direct pathtoward said evaporator, a channel projecting from said path andinclineddownwardly toward the path and. means to cool said channel, saidcondenser being so constructed that it will automatically operate todisplace an inert gas from said channel upon a rise of temperaturetherein and thereby increase the effective condensing surface of saidchannel.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix my signature.

' ALVAR- LEllNING.

I no

